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Abstract Aiming at the problem of short wavelength of wireless communication, we simulate rough and smooth terrain to realize the analysis of ship's short-wave communication distance across the ocean. In this paper, a skywave multi-hop loss model is established, and the first maximum jump loss of downloaded wave information with given wattage at different sea levels is studied. It can be concluded that in the first big jump of turbulent sea surface, the reflective intensity of radio wave is 42.833 dB and that of calm sea surface is 46.569 9 dB. When the initial decibel of high frequency signal is 2.969 7dB and the noise power is 5.047× W, the maximum jump of turbulent sea surface is 4 hops and that of calm sea surface is 6 hops. The maximum hop of rugged terrain is 2 hops, but it cannot return to the ionized F layer at this time; the maximum hop of flat terrain is 2 hops, but it can return to the ionized F layer at this time. Through the establishment and analysis of the model, it can be concluded that in the rugged and flat mountainous areas, the loss of radio wave is far greater than that in the ocean.
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