As a visual graphical thinking tool, mind mapping can effectively represent the knowledge system and hierarchical relationship. In view of the current teaching situation of Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology, this paper introduces the characteristics of mind map, analyzes the role and significance of mind map in the teaching of this course, and presents the inner structure of 8086 CPU and the mind map of input-output interface drawn by MindManager software. Teaching practice has proved that mind mapping can stimulate students' interest in learning in the course of Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology, help students to establish "whole-part" thinking, promote students' understanding and memory of knowledge, and improve teaching effect.