Large-scale optical network installation is the deepening of optical network overall construction. During the construction and transformation of large-scale PON network, the improvement of optical network operation and maintenance efficiency has become the primary problem of operators. This paper mainly analyzes some of the problems faced by operators in the construction and maintenance of optical network: how to fast pre-deploy the services; how to carry out the daily maintenance of optical access network. It puts forward the key points and countermeasures of maintaining the network deployment and operation, and the construction of subsequent maintenance system, in order to provide a reference for the operators.