针对传统土壤养分检测周期长、现有便携式设备传输局限大、检测精度易受温度干扰等问题,设计了一款基于云端的便携式土壤基础养分检测传感器。该传感器以STM32F407为主控芯片,采用485型五插针土壤四参数传感器,同步检测温度、水分、pH 值、氮磷钾,通过Modbus RTU协议实现数据采集;搭载FS-MCore-F800 系列高集成度4G Cat.1模块完成检测数据实时远程传输,以及远程监控功能。通过测试,设备信号覆盖面积大,弱信号下通信稳定;485多路传感器集成检测;通过随机森林温度补偿模型降低水分误差;云平台支持多终端查看;设备易操作性强,在智慧农业中有广泛的推广前景。

To solve the long detection time in traditional soil nutrient testing, the shortcomings of transmission distance limitation in currently available portable equipment, and the susceptibility to detection precision degradation caused by temperature interference, a cloud-based portable sensor for the detection of basic soil nutrients is introduced in this paper. The sensor uses STM32F407 as the main control chip and employs a 485 type, five-pin, four-parameter soil sensor, which can measure the temperature, moisture, pH value and NPK at the same time, and realizes the data acquisition of the four parameters through the Modbus RTU protocol. The FS-MCore-F800 series highly integrated 4G Cat.1 module is adopted to implement real-time remote transmission of detection data and remote monitoring functions. Through testing, the device offers extensive signal coverage and stable communication under weak signal conditions. It supports integrated detection of multiple sensors via RS-485, while reducing moisture measurement errors through a random forest-based temperature compensation model. The cloud platform enables multi-terminal access, and the device features excellent operability, presenting broad promotion prospects in smart agriculture.