区块链技术作为一种分布式技术，广泛应用于加密货币的基础架构，具有去中心化、不可篡改和可溯源等特性，使用非对称加密技术保证数据的安全性。区块链技术作为智慧城市的重要环节，已经不再局限于金融领域的应用，区块链技术的不断发展和更新，为区块链技术与其它传统领域相融合提供了可能性。介绍了区块链技术的相关概念和数据结构，详细讨论了区块链的核心内容：共识机制、智能合约、Merkle树和非对称加密，并对目前国内区块链技术应用于一些传统领域的数据安全和数据共享方面的研究进行总结。
Abstract：As a distributed technology, blockchain technology is widely used in the infrastructure of cryptocurrencies. It has the characteristicsof decentralization, non-tampering and traceability. It uses asymmetric encryption technology to ensure the security of data.As an important part of smart city, blockchain technology is no longer limited to the application in the financial field. The continuous development and update of blockchain technology has provided the possibility of integrating blockchain technology with other traditional fields. This article introduces the relevant concepts and data structures of blockchain technology, and discusses the core content of blockchain in detail, such as consensus mechanism, smart contract, Markle tree and asymmetric encryption, and applies the domestic blockchain technology to some traditional fields. The research on data security and data sharing is summarized.
