As the scale of beef cattle farming becomes larger, the environmental problems of cowshed are also highlighted, and the poor environment leads to the decline of beef cattle production capacity. So the cowshed environmental monitoring system is de- signed. It integrates the core processing layer module, the data acquisition layer module and the intermediate forwarding layer, and adopts a distributed ad hoc network structure. The system can realize real-time monitoring of environmental parameters on line such as illumination, temperature, humidity, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, etc., to reduce the system power consumption.