本文首先介绍了遗传算法的理论知识，阐述了基本遗传算法的优点及不足之处。然后在小生境遗传算法的基 础上，引入了隔离技术以及自适应算子，形成了一种基于隔离技术以及梯度算子的小生境遗传算法。理论及实践均表明，新的 改进的遗传算法在实际问题的解决中确实优于基本小生境遗传算法。

This paper firstly introduces the theory of genetic algorithm, expounds the basic advantages and disadvantages of genetic algorithm. Then on the basis of the Niche genetic algorithm, the isolation operator and adaptive operator are introduced to form a new Niche genetic algorithm based on isolation operator and gradient operator. Both theory and practice show that the new improved genetic algorithm is superior to basic niche genetic algorithm in solving practical problems.